Structural framing in construction refers to the process of assembling the essential support system for a building. It involves creating the framework that holds up the entire structure, dictates its design, and supports subsequent construction activities. Here are some key points about structural framing:

1. Components of Structural Framing:

   • Beams: Horizontal members that carry loads (such as the weight of floors, walls, and roof) and transfer them to columns or other supports.
   • Columns: Vertical members that provide vertical support and transfer loads to the foundation.
   • Walls, Floors, and Roofs: These components are part of the overall framing system and contribute to the stability and integrity of the building.

2. Types of Structural Frames:

   • Rigid Frame (Fixed-Fixed Frame):
     • Support Types: Two fixed supports.
     • Characteristics:
       • Moment-stiff connections.
       • Indeterminate static system.
       • Takes up vertical, horizontal, and moment reactions.
   • Pinned-Pinned Frame:
     • Support Types: Two pin supports.
     • Characteristics:
       • Moment-stiff connections.
       • Statically indeterminate.
       • Takes up vertical and horizontal reactions.
   • Pinned-Roller Frame:
     • Support Types: One pin support and one roller support.
     • Characteristics:
       • Moment-stiff connections.
       • Statically determinate.
       • Takes up vertical and horizontal reactions.
   • Frames with Hinge Connections:
     • Support Types: Fixed, pin, and/or roller.
     • Characteristics:
       • Can add hinges to pinned-pinned frames or fixed-fixed frames.
       • Cannot introduce a hinge to a pinned-roller frame (would make the system unstable).

Remember that structural framing is essential for creating stable and safe buildings, bridges, and various other structures. It’s the backbone that ensures the integrity of the entire construction.